India HCES 2011–12 & 2023–24

Are Indian Diets Nutrient Adequate?

An interactive dashboard measuring micronutrient intake, dietary diversity, and the prevalence of inadequacy across Indian households — by state, income level, demographic group, and more.

9 Micronutrients Iron, Calcium, Zinc, B-vitamins & more
3 Metrics Total intake, excl. cereals & diversity
7 Dimensions State, religion, caste & more
2 Rounds HCES 2011–12 & 2023–24
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India faces a paradox: even as calorie consumption has risen, micronutrient deficiencies persist across income levels and regions. Diets dominated by cereals may meet energy needs but fall critically short on iron, calcium, zinc, and essential vitamins. This dashboard uses unit-level expenditure data to quantify how much of each nutrient Indian households actually obtain from their food, and what share of the population falls below recommended thresholds.
A household may eat enough food and still not get enough iron, calcium, or folate.
ICMR-NIN Recommended Intake

All intake estimates are benchmarked against the ICMR-NIN Recommended Dietary Allowances for a reference adult woman (55 kg, moderately active, non-pregnant and non-lactating). Inadequacy is assessed using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-point method.

The Indian Council of Medical Research — National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-NIN) publishes nutrient requirements for different age-sex-activity groups. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) represents the intake level that meets the needs of 50% of the population — individuals consuming below the EAR are classified as having inadequate intake.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is set higher, covering the needs of ~97.5% of the population. While the dashboard reports intake relative to both benchmarks, the prevalence of inadequacy is formally computed using the EAR cut-point method.

The dashboard also tracks intake excluding cereals — because cereals dominate many Indian diets, this metric reveals how much micronutrient intake depends on non-cereal food sources, which is a marker of dietary quality.

Finally, the Shannon Diversity Index measures how evenly a given micronutrient's intake is spread across different food groups. A higher index means more diversified sources — a sign of a more resilient, balanced diet.

EAR & RDA Values
Reference: Adult woman, 55 kg, moderate activity
MicronutrientEARRDAUnit
Calcium8001000mg
Iron1529mg
Zinc1113.2mg
Vitamin B11.41.7mg
Vitamin B222.4mg
Vitamin B31214mg
Vitamin B61.61.9mg
Vitamin B9 (Folate)180220mcg
Vitamin C5565mg
Source: ICMR-NIN Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians (2020).
Measuring Nutrition from Different Angles

The dashboard provides three complementary ways to assess micronutrient status.

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Total Intake

Mean daily intake of each micronutrient from all food sources combined. Compared against EAR and RDA benchmarks to gauge whether households meet requirements.

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Intake excl. Cereals

Micronutrient intake from non-cereal food sources only. This reveals the quality dimension — how much nutrition comes from diverse foods beyond the staple grain base.

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Shannon Diversity

The Shannon Diversity Index applied to each micronutrient's food-group sources. Higher values mean intake is spread across many food groups rather than concentrated in one.

What You Can Explore

A fully interactive tool for researchers, policymakers, and journalists to investigate micronutrient intake patterns across India.

Compare Survey Rounds

Toggle between HCES 2011–12 and 2023–24, or use Compare mode to overlay both rounds and track how micronutrient intake has changed over a decade.

Demographic Breakdown

Slice data by sector, state, religion, social group, household head, children, and month of survey to reveal nutrient gaps across populations.

Decile & MPCE Views

Switch between expenditure deciles and continuous MPCE (log scale) on the x-axis to see how intake changes across the income distribution.

Bayesian Credible Intervals

All estimates come from a Bayesian model. Toggle 95% credible intervals on or off for both line charts and bar comparisons.

Download Everything

Export charts as PNG or SVG with citation, download the current data view as CSV, or grab the full dataset for your own analysis.

Multi-Group Selection

Select multiple groups simultaneously to compare intake patterns side by side — states, religions, castes, or sectors on the same chart.

Explore Across Seven Demographic Cuts

Select one or more groups within each dimension to compare micronutrient intake patterns side by side.

Sector

Rural vs. Urban — how urbanisation shapes micronutrient intake.

State

All states and union territories, revealing vast geographic variation in nutrient adequacy.

Religion

Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, and other religious groups with distinct food cultures.

Social Group

Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, OBCs, and other groups.

Household Head

Male- vs. female-headed households and their differing nutrient profiles.

Children

Households with and without children — does family composition affect nutrient adequacy?

Month

Seasonal variation in micronutrient intake across the survey year.

How the Estimates Are Produced

Rigorous statistical modelling underpins every number in the dashboard.

01

Food-to-Nutrient Conversion

Household food consumption quantities from HCES are converted into micronutrient intake using Indian food composition tables, creating nutrient-level estimates from expenditure data.

02

Bayesian GAM Estimation

Generalised additive models with thin-plate regression splines and factor-smooth interactions capture non-linear Engel curves for each micronutrient across demographic groups.

03

Inadequacy Assessment

Micronutrient intake is benchmarked against ICMR-NIN EAR values using the cut-point method. The proportion of households falling below EAR yields the prevalence of inadequacy.

04

Shannon Diversity

For each micronutrient, the share of intake from each food group is computed and Shannon entropy applied — capturing how diversified the nutrient sources are for each household.

Ready to Explore Micronutrient Intake?

Dive into the interactive dashboard to uncover patterns, compare groups, and download data for your own research.

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