India HCES 2011–12 & 2023–24

Can Indian Households Afford Recommended Diet?

An interactive dashboard exploring the prevalence of diet affordability and the expenditure gap across states, socio-demographic groups, and the income distribution — with and without government food support.

2Survey Rounds
7Demographic Cuts
35States & UTs
10Expenditure Deciles
Scroll to explore
Diet affordability is a critical dimension of food security. Even as India's economy has grown substantially between 2011–12 and 2023–24, millions of households remain unable to afford the nutritionally adequate diet recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). This dashboard uses microdata from India's Household Consumer Expenditure Survey (HCES) to estimate the extent and depth of this gap.
How many households fall short — and by how much — varies enormously by state, religion, caste, sector, and income level.
What Is the ICMR-NIN Recommended Diet?

The Indian Council of Medical Research — National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-NIN) publishes Dietary Guidelines for Indians, specifying the food groups and quantities needed for a nutritionally adequate diet. The dashboard uses the ICMR-NIN recommended diet for a reference adult woman (55 kg, moderate activity, non-lactating) as the benchmark to assess affordability.

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Cereals & Millets

280g /day

Whole grains like rice, wheat, ragi, bajra and jowar — the energy base of the Indian diet.

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Pulses & Beans / Flesh Foods

95g /day

Dals, legumes, eggs, fish or meat — essential sources of protein, iron and B-vitamins.

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Green Leafy Vegetables

100g /day

Spinach and other greens rich in folate, iron and calcium.

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Other Vegetables

200g /day

A variety of seasonal vegetables for vitamins, minerals, fibre and antioxidants.

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Roots & Tubers (excluding potatoes)

100g /day

Carrots & Radish providing energy and micronutrients.

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Fruits

100g /day

Fresh, whole fruits daily for vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and natural sugars.

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Milk & Milk products

300g /day

Milk and milk products for calcium, high-quality protein and essential fatty acids.

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Fats & Oils

25g /day

Cooking oils and visible fats used in moderation to meet essential fatty acid needs.

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Oilseeds & Nuts

40g /day

Groundnuts, almonds, sesame and other oilseeds for healthy fats, protein and minerals.

Daily Composition
Total: 1,240g per day
What You Can Explore

A fully interactive tool for researchers, policymakers, and journalists to investigate diet affordability patterns across India.

Compare Survey Rounds

Toggle between HCES 2011–12 and 2023–24, or use the Compare mode to overlay both rounds and see how affordability has changed over a decade.

Two Measures

Switch between the prevalence of unaffordability (share of households who fall short) and the unconditional expenditure gap (₹/month shortfall).

Government Support Toggle

See estimates with and without the imputed value of government food support (PDS subsidies), revealing the safety net's effect on affordability.

Demographic Breakdown

Slice data by sector (rural/urban), state, religion, social group, household head characteristics, presence of children, and month of survey.

Bayesian Credible Intervals

All estimates come from a Bayesian model. Toggle 95% credible intervals on or off for both line charts and bar comparisons.

Download Everything

Export charts as PNG or SVG, download the current data view as CSV, or grab the full dataset and cost-of-diet data for your own analysis.

Explore Across Seven Demographic Cuts

Select one or more groups within each dimension to compare affordability patterns side by side.

Sector

Rural vs. Urban — where the starkest affordability divides often emerge.

State

All 35 states and union territories, revealing vast geographic inequality.

Religion

Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, and other religious groups.

Social Group

Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, OBCs, and other groups.

Household Head

Male- vs. female-headed households and their differing affordability profiles.

Children

Households with and without children — capturing the burden on families.

Month

Seasonal variation in diet affordability across the survey year.

How the Estimates Are Produced

Rigorous statistical modelling underpins every number in the dashboard.

01

Diet Cost Benchmark

The cost of a recommended diet is computed using ICMR-NIN dietary guidelines and state-sector level food prices from each HCES round, yielding a nutrition-adequate cost threshold.

02

Affordability Measure

Households whose total food expenditure (MPCE, adult-female-equivalent scaled, in constant 2011–12 ₹) falls below this threshold are classified as unable to afford the recommended diet.

03

Bayesian Estimation

Prevalence and expenditure-gap estimates are generated from a Bayesian model, providing posterior means and 95% credible intervals that honestly capture statistical uncertainty.

04

Government Support

Estimates are produced both including and excluding the imputed monetary value of PDS and other government food subsidies, isolating the safety net's contribution to diet affordability.

Ready to Explore the Data?

Dive into the interactive dashboard to uncover patterns, compare groups, and download data for your own research.

Launch Dashboard